@article {1606,
	title = {Highly Responsive Fluorescent Assemblies Allow for Unique, Multiparametric Sensing of the Phospholipid Membrane Environment.},
	journal = {Chemistry},
	volume = {25},
	year = {2019},
	month = {2019 Jan 28},
	pages = {1507-1514},
	abstract = {<p>Despite decades-long extensive research, probes that provide a comprehensive description of the lipid membrane microenvironment are still lacking. Here, a "smart" pyrene-terpyridine probe for multiparametric sensing of lipid membranes is reported. The complexity of the associated local microenvironment can be described by the distinct features of the probe fluorescence. The self-assembly of the probe molecules in phospholipid bilayers was sensitive to membrane order and phase state. The self-assembled probes showed a unique emission, influenced by dye-dye interactions and excited-state charge transfer. Moreover, this emission was sensitive to interfacial hydration, with very specific changes in emission wavelengths and fluorescence lifetimes upon variation of lipid compositions and properties. In parallel, changes in the lipid order and hydration affected the ground-state interactions in the dye aggregates and, thus, could be measured through ratiometric changes in the excitation and emission readouts. In addition, fluorescence anisotropy measurements provided another way to study the nature of dye aggregates in lipid bilayers. Overall, this report demonstrates how multiple aspects of the membrane microenvironment can be sensed through the unique fluorescence signatures of this "smart" probe in lipid membranes, and it establishes a new paradigm in lipid-membrane sensing.</p>
},
	keywords = {Fluorescence Polarization, Fluorescent Dyes, Lipid Bilayers, Phospholipids, Pyrenes, Spectrometry, Fluorescence, Water},
	issn = {1521-3765},
	doi = {10.1002/chem.201803627},
	author = {Gulyani, Akash and Dey, Nilanjan and Bhattacharya, Santanu}
}
@article {1163,
	title = {Hierarchies in light sensing and dynamic interactions between ocular and extraocular sensory networks in a flatworm.},
	journal = {Sci Adv},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2017},
	month = {2017 Jul},
	pages = {e1603025},
	abstract = {<p>Light sensing has independently evolved multiple times under diverse selective pressures but has been examined only in a handful among the millions of light-responsive organisms. Unsurprisingly, mechanistic insights into how differential light processing can cause distinct behavioral outputs are limited. We show how an organism can achieve complex light processing with a simple "eye" while also having independent but mutually interacting light sensing networks. Although planarian flatworms lack wavelength-specific eye photoreceptors, a 25 nm change in light wavelength is sufficient to completely switch their phototactic behavior. Quantitative photoassays, eye-brain confocal imaging, and RNA interference/knockdown studies reveal that flatworms are able to compare small differences in the amounts of light absorbed at the eyes through a single eye opsin and convert them into binary behavioral outputs. Because planarians can fully regenerate, eye-brain injury-regeneration studies showed that this acute light intensity sensing and processing are layered on simple light detection. Unlike intact worms, partially regenerated animals with eyes can sense light but cannot sense finer gradients. Planarians also show a "reflex-like," eye-independent (extraocular/whole-body) response to low ultraviolet A light, apart from the "processive" eye-brain-mediated (ocular) response. Competition experiments between ocular and extraocular sensory systems reveal dynamic interchanging hierarchies. In intact worms, cerebral ocular response can override the reflex-like extraocular response. However, injury-regeneration again offers a time window wherein both responses coexist, but the dominance of the ocular response is reversed. Overall, we demonstrate acute light intensity-based behavioral switching and two evolutionarily distinct but interacting light sensing networks in a regenerating organism.</p>
},
	issn = {2375-2548},
	doi = {10.1126/sciadv.1603025},
	author = {Shettigar, Nishan and Joshi, Asawari and Dalmeida, Rimple and Gopalkrishna, Rohini and Chakravarthy, Anirudh and Patnaik, Siddharth and Mathew, Manoj and Palakodeti, Dasaradhi and Gulyani, Akash}
}
